Njinga zamagetsi: tsogolo la ulendo wobiriwira
Chifukwa cha kukwera kwachangu kwa mizinda ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, kuchulukana kwa magalimoto ndi kuwonongeka kwa mpweya zikuchulukirachulukira. Pofuna kuthana ndi mavutowa, mizinda yambiri ikuyang'ana njira zokhazikika zoyendayenda. Monga njira yoyendetsera bwino zachilengedwe komanso yabwino, njinga zamagetsi zimayamba pang'onopang'ono kukhala imodzi mwamakiyi othetsera mavutowa. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mbiri yachitukuko, mfundo zaukadaulo, zabwino ndi zovuta zake, komanso zomwe zikuchitika m'tsogolomu za njinga zamagetsi.
- Mbiri ya chitukuko cha njinga zamagetsi
Mbiri ya njinga zamagetsi imatha kuyambika m'zaka za zana la 19, pomwe njinga yamagetsi yamagetsi yoyamba idapangidwa. Komabe, njinga yeniyeni yamagetsi inabadwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20 ndipo inapangidwa ndi injiniya wa ku Germany Carl von der Rhein. Mu 1885, adapanga njinga yamagetsi yotchedwa "Delehine Bicycle", yomwe inkagwiritsa ntchito injini yaying'ono kuyendetsa unyolo kuti galimotoyo isamuke. Ngakhale kuti njinga yamagetsi iyi inali ndi liwiro lochepa komanso kutalika kwake, idayala maziko a chitukuko chotsatira cha magalimoto amagetsi.
Kuchokera ku 1950s mpaka 1970s, ndi kuphulika kwa vuto la mafuta ndi kutuluka kwa mavuto owononga chilengedwe, njinga zamagetsi zinalandira chidwi chofala. Panali mitundu yambiri ya njinga zamagetsi panthawiyi, kuphatikizapo wokhala ndi mpando umodzi, wokhala ndi awiri, atatu ndi mawonekedwe ena. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwaukadaulo komanso kufunikira kochepa kwa msika, chitukuko cha njinga zamagetsi chatsika pang'onopang'ono.
M'zaka za zana la 21, ndikusintha kwa chidziwitso cha chilengedwe komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, njinga zamagetsi zapezanso mphamvu. Mayiko ndi madera ambiri adayambitsa ndondomeko zothandizira kafukufuku, chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi, ndipo njinga zamagetsi zakhala chinthu chodziwika bwino. Masiku ano, njinga zamagetsi zakhala imodzi mwa njira zobiriwira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
- Mfundo zaukadaulo zama njinga zamagetsi
Njinga yamagetsi imakhala ndi magawo anayi: mota, batire, makina owongolera ndi thupi. Pakati pawo, injini ndiye gwero lamphamvu la njinga yamagetsi ndipo ili ndi udindo wosinthira mphamvu zamagetsi kukhala mphamvu zamakina; batire amapereka mphamvu kwa galimoto; dongosolo lolamulira liri ndi udindo wokonza kayendetsedwe ka galimoto kuti zitsimikizire kuti galimotoyo ikuyenda bwino; thupi limanyamula okwera ndi zinthu, kupereka malo abwino ndi otetezeka. Kukwera chilengedwe.
- Njinga: Mota ya njinga yamagetsi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito mota yopanda brushless DC kapena maginito okhazikika a synchronous motor. Ma motors a Brushless DC ali ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, moyo wautali wautumiki komanso phokoso lotsika, ndipo pakadali pano ndi mtundu wodziwika bwino wamagetsi apanjinga amagetsi pamsika. Maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors ali ndi kulemera kopepuka komanso kuwongolera bwino.
- Batire: Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mabatire a njinga zamagetsi: mabatire a lead-acid ndi mabatire a lithiamu. Mabatire a lead-acid ali ndi mtengo wotsika komanso mphamvu yayikulu, koma ndi olemera ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wamfupi; Mabatire a lithiamu ndi opepuka komanso amakhala ndi moyo wautali, koma ndi okwera mtengo. Pakalipano, njinga zamagetsi zambiri pamsika zimagwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu chifukwa ntchito yawo imatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito.
- Dongosolo lowongolera: Dongosolo lowongolera njinga yamagetsi limaphatikizapo wowongolera ndi woyendetsa. Wowongolera ali ndi udindo wolandila malangizo a wogwiritsa ntchito ndikuwongolera liwiro la mota ndi torque; dalaivala amatembenuza chizindikiro cha wolamulira mu mphamvu yamagetsi yofunikira ndi galimoto. Kuonjezera apo, njinga zamagetsi zina zapamwamba zimakhala ndi machitidwe obwezeretsa mphamvu, zomwe zimatha kusintha mbali ya mphamvu ya kinetic kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi ndikuyisunga pamene ikukwera kapena kutsika, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi.
- Thupi: Mapangidwe a thupi la njinga yamagetsi amafunikira chitonthozo, chitetezo ndi kusuntha. Mipando nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi zinthu zofewa zofewa kuti zithandizire kukwera bwino; kapangidwe ka chogwiriracho kumafunika kutsatira mfundo za ergonomic kuti mutha kukwera kwa nthawi yayitali osatopa; thupi limayenera kukhala ndi dongosolo lolimba komanso malo otsika kwambiri a mphamvu yokoka kuti atsimikizire kuyendetsa galimoto.
- Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa njinga zamagetsi
ntchito:
- Zobiriwira komanso zachilengedwe: Njinga zamagetsi zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi ngati gwero lamagetsi, sizimawononga mafuta amafuta, komanso zimatulutsa ziro zowononga. Iwo ndi mmene wobiriwira njira zoyendera.
- Kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe: Poyerekeza ndi magalimoto amafuta, njinga zamagetsi zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zosinthira mphamvu ndipo zimatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso kutulutsa mpweya.
- Kuyenda kokhala ndi mpweya wochepa: Njinga zamagetsi sizingachepetse kuchulukana kwa magalimoto m'matauni, komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa utsi wagalimoto ku chilengedwe ndi thanzi la anthu.
- Kuyimika kosavuta: Njinga yamagetsi ndi yaying'ono kukula kwake ndipo imatenga malo ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kuyimitsidwa pamalo ang'onoang'ono.
cholephera:
- Maulendo ochepa: Ma njinga zamagetsi ambiri omwe ali pamsika pano ali pakati pa 50 ndi 100 makilomita, omwe akadali kumbuyo kwa magalimoto ndi njira zina zoyendera.
- Nthawi yayitali yolipiritsa: Nthawi yolipirira njinga zamagetsi ndi yayitali, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatenga maola angapo kuti batire ili lonse, zomwe sizingakhale zosavuta kwa anthu omwe amafunikira kuzigwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi.
- Kusakhoza kukwera bwino: Chifukwa cha mphamvu zochepa zamagalimoto, kukwera kwa njinga zamagetsi nthawi zambiri sikuli kofanana ndi kwa magalimoto amafuta ndi njinga zamoto.
- Ndalama zoyambira zokwera kwambiri: Poyerekeza ndi njinga wamba, mtengo wogula ndi kukonza njinga zamagetsi ndizokwera kwambiri.
- Zochita zamtsogolo za njinga zamagetsi
Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo komanso kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso cha chilengedwe, njinga zamagetsi zidzabweretsa chitukuko chambiri. Zotsatirazi ndi zomwe zidzachitike mtsogolo mwanjinga zamagetsi:
- Upangiri waukadaulo wa batri: Ma njinga amagetsi amtsogolo adzapititsa patsogolo ukadaulo wa batri kuti awonjezere kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, kuchepetsa mtengo, kukulitsa moyo komanso kukonza chitetezo. Izi zidzasintha kwambiri kupirira ndi moyo wautumiki wa njinga yamagetsi.
- Luntha ndi intaneti +: M'tsogolomu, njinga zamagetsi zidzaphatikizidwa kwambiri ndi matekinoloje monga intaneti ya Zinthu, deta yayikulu, ndi luntha lochita kupanga kuti mukwaniritse kasamalidwe kanzeru komanso makonda anu. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuyang'ana batire yotsalayo, momwe magalimoto alili ndi zidziwitso zina munthawi yeniyeni kudzera pa APP yam'manja, ndikusintha makonda agalimoto malinga ndi zosowa zawo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyenda mwanzeru, kuyendetsa basi ndi ntchito zina kudzakhalanso mawonekedwe a njinga zamagetsi.
- Kukula kwachuma chogawana: Ndikuchita bwino kwa njinga zogawana, lingaliro lakugawana chuma lidzalowa mu gawo la njinga zamagetsi. M'tsogolomu, tikuyembekezeredwa kuwona njinga zamagetsi zomwe zimagawidwa m'mbali zonse za mzindawo, zomwe zimapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito njira zosavuta komanso zobiriwira.